Structure in C

We have seen so far how to store numbers, characters, strings, and even large sets of these primitives using arrays, but what if we want to store collections of different kinds of data that are somehow related. For example, a file about an employee will probably have his/her name, age, the hours of work, salary, etc. Physically, all of that is usually stored in someone’s filing cabinet. In programming, if you have lots of related information, you group it together in an organized fashion. Let’s say you have a group of employees, and you want to make a database! It just wouldn’t do to have tons of loose variables hanging all over the place. Then we need to have a single data entity where we will be able to store all the related information together. But this can’t be achieved by using the arrays alone, as in the case of arrays, we can group multiple data elements that are of the same data type, and is stored in consecutive memory locations, and is individually accessed by a subscript. That is where the user-defined datatype Structures come in.

Structure is commonly referred to as a user-defined data type. C’s structures allow you to store multiple variables of any type in one place (the structure). A structure can contain any of C’s data types, including arrays and other structures. Each variable within a structure is called a member of the structure. They can hold any number of variables, and you can make arrays of structures. This flexibility makes structures ideally useful for creating databases in C. Similar to the structure there is another user defined data type called Union which allows the programmer to view a single storage in more than one way i.e., a variable declared as union can store within its storage space, the data of different types, at different times.

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